How do you fix cataracts?
Cataracts are a common eye condition that causes lens clouding, leading to blurred vision and, if untreated, potential vision loss. Understanding the diagnosis and treatment options can help you make informed decisions about your eye health.
Diagnosing cataracts
Before you seek treatment for cataracts, you need to be properly diagnosed. To determine whether you have cataracts, your eye doctor will review your medical history and symptoms and conduct several eye tests.
They might perform a vision test, which measures how well you can see letters on a chart, to determine if your sight is impaired. Another test is the eye structure exam, more commonly known as a slit lamp examination. This exam allows your doctor to inspect the front of your eye for abnormalities closely.
A retinal exam involves dilating the pupils to examine the retina, helping to detect cataracts and other retinal conditions. A fluid pressure test may also be conducted to check for potential complications like glaucoma.
Treatment options
When prescription glasses can no longer improve your vision, surgery is the only effective treatment for cataracts.
Surgery should be considered when cataracts interfere with daily activities such as reading or driving at night. While cataracts usually do not harm the eyes, they can progress faster in individuals with conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, or obesity.
If surgery is not immediately necessary, periodic follow-ups can help monitor its progression.
Cataract surgery
Cataract surgery involves removing and replacing the cloudy lens with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). The procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis, meaning you can return home the same day.
During surgery, a numbing medication is applied to minimize discomfort. The clouded lens is often removed using ultrasound technology and replaced with a clear artificial lens. Recovery usually takes a few weeks, with mild discomfort in the initial days. If both eyes require surgery, the second procedure is generally scheduled after the first eye has healed.
While cataract surgery is generally safe, it carries some risks, including infection, bleeding, swelling, inflammation, or, in rare cases, retinal detachment. Discussing potential complications with your doctor will help you make an informed decision. If you choose not to have surgery immediately, lifestyle adjustments may help temporarily manage symptoms.
If surgery is not immediately necessary, symptoms can be managed by keeping your eyeglasses prescription current. Using magnifying glasses for reading, improving home lighting, wearing sunglasses to reduce glare, and limiting night driving can also help. However, cataracts tend to worsen over time, and surgery may eventually be required if vision loss affects daily life.
Preparing for your appointment
If you experience vision changes, schedule an appointment with an eye care professional. It is helpful to list your symptoms, medications, and any other health conditions beforehand. Bringing a family member or friend can also be beneficial, as they may help absorb important information. Preparing questions about cataract treatment and surgery will ensure you make the most of your appointment.